Publisher
MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)
Abstract
Hens in free-range systems are given enrichments to increase foraging and limit injurious pecking, but their efficacy requires investigation. We studied hen behaviour and feather cover in eight commercial free-range flocks each given access to four enrichments. Sheds were split into quarters, in which two enrichments (jute ropes (R) + other) were installed. Other enrichments were: lucerne hay bales (B), pecking blocks (PB), pelleted feed (PF), or further R (control). Hens were observed at three ages, at three times per age (-1, 0, >1 h relative to PF application), in 1 m diameter circle locations around ropes (ControlR), Enrich (B, PB, PF, R), and Away from each enrichment. Feather scores were recorded at all ages/times, at the Away location only. Significantly more birds were in Enrich locations where PB, B and PF were available, and least near R, ControlR and Away locations (P<0.001). Proportions of birds interacting with enrichments were significantly higher for PB, B and PF than R (P<0.001), but enrichments did not generally affect proportions of birds foraging in the litter, apart from a significant decrease (P<0.001) in PF birds foraging in the Enrich location because they were directing behaviour at PF instead. Feather scores worsened with age (P<0.001) but were not consistently affected by enrichment. Enrichment replacement rates varied between farms. Enrichments costs were highest for PB and cheapest for R. Enrichments except R were used by hens, but with no obvious effect on feather cover. A balance has to be struck between enrichment benefits to hens and economics, but evidence suggests that hens did not benefit from R.
Year
2022
Category
Refereed journal