TOADS

TOpologies in Alignments of DNA Sequences

© Copyright:
Dirk Husmeier
Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS)
August 2003

Purpose of the program

The purpose of this program is to carry out a quick check for recombination in a DNA sequence alignment of 4 taxa. The program identifies and classifies the topology-defining sites in the alignment. The results can be plotted e.g. with the MATLAB program plot_toads.m. The graph below was obtained from a sequence alignment of four nematodes. This clearly indicates a recombination event at the beginning of the alignment, corresponding to a transition from topology 3 into topology 2. Note, however, that by discarding all but the topology-defining sites you lose a substantial amount of information. For example, the DNA sequence alignment used for the analysis below is 1567 bases long, but contains only 37 topology-defining sites. Also, note that in certain situations a classification based on topology-defining sites can give the wrong answer - this is the well-known problem of long-branch attraction, where parsimony is known to fail. TOADS should therefore only be applied as a quick preliminary scan of the data to be followed up by a proper likelihood-based phylogenetic method like BARCE. However, the initialization of BARCE can profit substantially from a preliminary scan of the alignment with TOADS.

Results obtained with Toads


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Last modified: August 2003